ਮਦਦ : Wiki markup

The = through ====== markup are headings for the sections with which they are associated.

A single = is styled as the article title and should not be used within an article.
Headings are styled through CSS and add an [edit] link.
Four or more headings cause a table of contents to be generated automatically.
Do not use any markup after the final heading markup – this will either break the heading, or will cause the heading to not be included in an edit summary.

ਫਰਮਾ:Markup And so on.

Wiki headings translate to HTML heading elements, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag through ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, styled as follows by default:

Templates: ਫਰਮਾ:Tl for use in documentation.

Horizontal rule

The horizontal rule represents a paragraph-level thematic break. Do not use in article content, as rules are only used after main sections, and this is automatic.

HTML equivalent: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag

__FORCETOC__ forces the TOC to appear at the normal location regardless of the number of headings.
__TOC__ forces the TOC to appear at the point where the magic word is inserted instead of the normal location.
__NOTOC__ disables the TOC entirely.
ਫਰਮਾ:Tl can be used to control the depth of subsections included in the TOC. This is useful where the TOC is long and unwieldy.
Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates contains a number of specialized TOC templates.

Line breaks

Line breaks or newlines are used to add whitespace between lines, such as separating paragraphs.

A line break that is visible in the content is inserted by pressing ਫਰਮਾ:Key press twice.
Pressing ਫਰਮਾ:Key press once will place a line break in the markup, but it will not show in the rendered content, except when using list markup.
Markup such as bold or italics will be terminated at a line break.

HTML equivalent: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag or ਫਰਮਾ:Tag

Templates:

ਫਰਮਾ:Tl adds multiple line breaks.
ਫਰਮਾ:Tl and ਫਰਮਾ:Tl adds a break with styling, to clear floating elements.
ਫਰਮਾ:Tl and ਫਰਮਾ:Tl both create an unbulleted list.

Indent text

Indentation is most commonly used on talk pages.

Templates: ਫਰਮਾ:Tl, ਫਰਮਾ:Tl

Blockquote

When there is a need for separating a block of text. This is useful for (as the name says) inserting blocks of quoted (and cited) text. ਫਰਮਾ:Markup

Center text

Template ਫਰਮਾ:Tl uses the same markup. To center a table, see Help:Table#Centering tables. Please do not use ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, as it is obsolete.

Align text to right

You can align content in a separate container:

Or; make the text float around it:

Lists

Do not leave blank lines between items in a list unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list.

To list terms and definitions, start a new line with a semicolon (;) followed by the term. Then, type a colon (:) followed by a definition. The format can also be used for other purposes, such as make and models of vehicles, etc.

Description lists (formerly definition lists, and a.k.a. association lists) consist of group names corresponding to values. Group names (terms) are in bold. Values (definitions) are indented. Each group must include one or more definitions. For a single or first value, the : can be placed on the same line after ; – but subsequent values must be placed on separate lines.

ਫਰਮਾ:Hatnote-inline

HTML equivalent: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag ਫਰਮਾ:Tag

Templates: ਫਰਮਾ:Tl

Retaining newlines and spaces

ਫਰਮਾ:Shortcut

The MediaWiki software suppresses single newlines and converts lines starting with a space to preformatted text in a dashed box. HTML suppresses multiple spaces. It is often desirable to retain these elements for poems, lyrics, mottoes, oaths and the like. The Poem extension adds HTML-like ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tags to maintain newlines and spaces. These tags may be used inside other tags such as ਫਰਮਾ:Tag. CSS styles may be applied to this tag, e.g.: <poem style="margin-left: 2em;">.

Format

Text formatting

Description	What you type	What it looks like
italics, bold, ਫਰਮਾ:Smallcaps	To ''italicize text'', put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it. Three apostrophes each side will '''bold the text'''. Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces '''''bold italics'''''. '''''Italic and bold formatting''''' only works correctly within a single line. For text as {{smallcaps\|small caps}}, use the template {{tl\|smallcaps}}.	To italicize text, put two consecutive apostrophes on each side of it. Three apostrophes each side will bold the text. Five consecutive apostrophes on each side (two for italics plus three for bold) produces bold italics. Italic and bold formatting only works correctly within a single line. For text as ਫਰਮਾ:Smallcaps, use the template ਫਰਮਾ:Tl.
Small chunks of source code within a line of normal text. Code is displayed in a monospace font.	function <code>int m2()</code> is nice.	function `int m2()` is nice.
Syntax highlighting for source code. Computer code has colored text and more stringent formatting. For example, to define a function: `int m2()`, with highlights.	<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> #include <iostream> int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) { std::cout <<"Hello World!"; return 0; }</syntaxhighlight>	#include <iostream> int m2 (int ax, char *p_ax) { std::cout <<"Hello World!"; return 0; }
Small text	Use <small>small text</small> only when necessary.	Use small text only when necessary.
a <small> span	To match, for example, the font-size used in an [[Help:Visual file markup#Caption\|image caption]], the "small" tag can also be used to <small style="font-size:87%;">reduce a text's font-size to 87%</small>.	To match, for example, the font-size used in an image caption, the "small" tag can also be used to reduce a text's font-size to 87%.
Big text	Better not use <big>big text</big>, unless <small>it's <big>within</big> small</small> text.	Better not use big text, unless it's within small text.
To prevent two words from becoming separated by a linewrap (e.g. Mr. Smith or 400 km/h) a non-breaking space, sometimes also called a "non-printing character", may be used between them. (For three or more words, the template ਫਰਮਾ:Tl is probably more suitable.)	Mr. Smith or 400 km/h	Mr. Smith or 400 km/h
Extra spacing within text is usually best achieved using the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template.	Mary {{pad\|4.0em}} had a little lamb.	Mary ਫਰਮਾ:Pad had a little lamb.

Special characters

ਫਰਮਾ:See alsoSpecial characters can often be displayed using numeric character references or character entity references. See Character encodings in HTML for more information. For example À and À both render À (A-grave). Percent-encoding can't be used, as it only works in URLs.

Diacritical marks

Diacritic marks, using character entity references.

What you type	What it looks like
À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø &OElig; Ù Ú Û Ü &Yuml; ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø &oelig; ù ú û ü ÿ	À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Œ Ù Ú Û Ü Ÿ ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø œ ù ú û ü ÿ

Punctuation special characters

Using character entity references.

What you type	What it looks like
¿ ¡ § ¶ &dagger; &Dagger; • – — &lsaquo; &rsaquo; « » ‘ ’ “ ” ' "	¿ ¡ § ¶ † ‡ • – — ‹ › « » ‘ ’ “ ” ' "

Escaping punctuation characters

The [[#Pre|ਫਰਮਾ:Tag]] and [[#Nowiki|ਫਰਮਾ:Tag]] markup tags are also available, for writing "[", "{", "&", "}", "]" for example. These tags prevent these characters from being recognised as wiki markup, which is a possibility in some circumstances.

Commercial symbols

Using character entity references.

What you type	What it looks like
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤	™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤

Greek characters

Using character entity references.

What you type	What it looks like
α β γ δ ε ζ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω	α β γ δ ε ζ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω

Egyptian hieroglyphs

WikiHiero is a software extension that renders Egyptian hieroglyphs as PNG images using ਫਰਮਾ:Xtag tags.

Example: ਫਰਮਾ:Markup

Chess symbols

For example, ♔ displays ♔

Subscripts and superscripts

The Manual of Style prefers the ਫਰਮਾ:Tag and ਫਰਮਾ:Tag formats, for example xਫਰਮਾ:Tag. So this should be used under most circumstances.
The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on Unicode support which may not be present on all users' machines.

Description

What you type

What it looks like

Subscripts

x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or

x&#8320; x&#8321; x&#8322; x&#8323; x&#8324;

x&#8325; x&#8326; x&#8327; x&#8328; x&#8329;

x₁ x₂ x₃ or

x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄

x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉

Superscripts

x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or

x&#8304; x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3; x&#8308;

x&#8309; x&#8310; x&#8311; x&#8312; x&#8313;

x¹ x² x³ or

x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴

x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹

Combined

&epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup> C&sup2; / J m

1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E+4 m&sup2;]]

ε₀ = 8.85 × 10⁻¹² C² / J m

1 hectare = 1 E+4 m²

Characters in the Private Use Area, and invisible formatting characters

Invisible and PUA (Private Use Areas) characters should be avoided where possible. When needed, they should both be substituted with their (hexa)decimal code values (as "&#(x)...;"). This renders invisible characters visible, for manual editing, and allows AWB to process pages with PUA characters. The latter should also be tagged with the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template for tracking and future maintenance.

Mathematical characters and formulae

Mathematical characters

See also Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols, WikiProject Mathematics and TeX.

What you type	What it looks like
`∫ ∑ ∏ √`	∫ ∑ ∏ √
`− ± ∞`	− ± ∞
`≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠`	≈ ∝ ≡ ≠
`≤ ≥`	≤ ≥
`× · ÷ ∂`	× · ÷ ∂
`′ ″`	′ ″
`∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym;`	∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ
`ø`	ø
`∈ ∉ ∩ ∪`	∈ ∉ ∩ ∪
`⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe;`	⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇
`¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀`	¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀
`⇒ ⇐ &dArr; &uArr; ⇔`	⇒ ⇐ ⇓ ⇑ ⇔
`→ ↓ ↑ ← ↔`	→ ↓ ↑ ← ↔

Mathematical formulae

Formulae that include mathematical letters, like ਫਰਮਾ:Math, and operators like × should not use the plain letter x. See math font formatting. For a comprehensive set of symbols, and comparison between ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tags and the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template see section TeX vs HTML.

The ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tag typesets using LaTeX markup, which may render as an image or as HTML, depending on environmental settings. The ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tag is best for the complex formula on its own line in an image format. If you use this tag to put a formula in the line with text, put it in the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template.

The ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template uses HTML, and will size-match a serif font, and will also prevent line-wrap. All templates are sensitive to the = sign, so remember to replace = with ਫਰਮਾ:Tl in template input, or start the input with 1=. Use wikimarkup '' and ''' inside the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template, as well as other HTML entities. The ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template is best for typeset formulas in line with the text.

Spacing in simple math formulae

Using   to prevent line break is not needed; the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template will prevent line breaks anyway; you can use ਫਰਮਾ:Tag if you need an explicit line break inside a formula.

Complicated formulae

See Help:Displaying a formula for how to use ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.
A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.

Links and URLs

Free links

In Wikipedia and some other wikis, free links are used in wikitext markup to produce internal links between pages, as opposed to the concept of CamelCase for the same purpose, which was used in the early days of Wikipedia – see CamelCase and Wikipedia.

In Wikipedia's markup language, you create free links by putting double square brackets around text designating the title of the page you want to link to. Thus, [[Texas]] will be rendered as Texas. Optionally, you can use a vertical bar (|) to customize the link title. For example, typing [[Texas|Lone Star State]] will produce Lone Star State, a link that is displayed as "Lone Star State" but in fact links to Texas.

Link to another wiki article

Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
Thus the link hereafter is to the Web address en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also Canonicalization.
A red link is a page that doesn't exist yet; it can be created by clicking on the link.
A link to its own page will appear only as bold text.

Renamed link

Same target, different name.
The target ("piped") text must be placed first, then the text to be displayed second.

What you type	What it looks like
`New York also has [[public transport\|public transportation]].`	New York also has public transportation.

Automatically rename links

Simply typing the pipe character | after a link will automatically rename the link in certain circumstances. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When previewing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press Save and Edit again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page.
See Pipe trick for details.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses	`[[kingdom (biology)\|]]`	kingdom
Automatically hide the comma and following text	`[[Seattle, Washington\|]]`	Seattle
Automatically hide namespace	`[[Wikipedia:Village pump\|]]`	Village pump
Or both	`[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)\|]]`	Manual of Style
But this doesn't work for section links	`[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links\|]]`	[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links\|]]

Blend link

Endings are blended into the link.
- Exception: a trailing apostrophe (') and any characters following the apostrophe are not blended.
Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.
Blending can be suppressed by using the [[#Nowiki|ਫਰਮਾ:Tag]] tag, which may be desirable in some instances.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Blending active	`San Francisco also has [[public transport]]ation. Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxicab]]s, and [[tram]]s.`	San Francisco also has public transportation. Examples include buses, taxicabs, and trams.
Blending suppressed	`A [[micro-]]<nowiki />second.`	A micro-second

Link to a section of a page

The part after the hash sign (#) must match a section heading on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the beginning of the page.
Include "| link title" to create a stylish (piped) link title.
If sections have the same title, add a number to link to any but the first. #Example section 3 goes to the third section named "Example section". You can use the pipe and retype the section title to display the text without the # symbol.

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] is a link to a section within another page.`	Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics is a link to a section within another page.
`[[#Links and URLs]] is a link to another section on the current page. [[#Links and URLs\|Links and URLs]] is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol.`	#Links and URLs is a link to another section on the current page. Links and URLs is a link to the same section without showing the # symbol.
`[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics\|Italics]] is a piped link to a section within another page.`	Italics is a piped link to a section within another page.

Create a page link

To create a new page:
1. Create a link to it on some other (related) page.
2. Save that page.
3. Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
For more information, see starting an article and check out Wikipedia's naming conventions.
Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Links to pages that don’t exist yet look red.	`The article about [[cardboard sandwiches]] doesn't exist yet.`	The article about cardboard sandwiches doesn't exist yet.

Redirects

Redirect one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the first line of the article (such as at a page titled "USA").
It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to United States#History will redirect to the History section of the United States page, if it exists.

Description	What you type
Redirect to an article	`#REDIRECT [[United States]]`
Redirect to a section	`#REDIRECT [[United States#History]]`

Link to another namespace

The full page name should be included in double square brackets.

What you type	What it looks like
`See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].`	See the Wikipedia:Manual of Style.

Link to the same article in another language (interlanguage links)

ਫਰਮਾ:Main ਫਰਮਾ:Notice

To link to a corresponding page in another language, use the form: [[language code:Foreign title]].
It is recommended interlanguage links be placed at the very end of the article.
Interlanguage links are not visible within the formatted article, but instead appear as language links on the sidebar (to the left) under the menu section "languages".

NOTE: To create an inline link (a clickable link within the text) to any foreign language article, see Help:Interlanguage links#Inline interlanguage links and consider the usage notes.

Description	What you type
Link from English article "Plankton" to the Spanish article "Plancton". "es" is the language code for "ਫਰਮਾ:Lang" (the Spanish language).	[[es:Plancton]]
Other examples: French (`fr` for ਫਰਮਾ:Lang), German (`de` for ਫਰਮਾ:Lang), Russian (`ru`), and simple English (`simple`).	[[fr:Plancton]] [[de:Plankton]] [[ru:Планктон]] [[simple:Plankton]]

Interwiki link

Interwiki links link to any page on other wikis. Interwikimedia links link to other Wikimedia wikis.
Note that interwikimedia links use the internal link style, with double square brackets.
See MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an external link.
See also Wikimedia sister projects.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Linking to a page on another wiki in English. All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello.
Simple link. Without prefix. Named link.	`[[Wiktionary:Hello]]` `[[Wiktionary:Hello\|]]` `[[Wiktionary:Hello\|Wiktionary definition of "Hello"]]`	Wiktionary:Hello Hello Wiktionary definition of "Hello"
Linking to a page on another wiki in another language. All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour.
Simple link. Without prefix. Named link.	`[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]` `[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour\|]]` `[[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour\|bonjour]]`	Wiktionary:fr:bonjour fr:bonjour bonjour

External links

Single square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a space (not a pipe |) to separate the URL from the link text in a named link. Square brackets may be used as normal punctuation when not linking to anything – [like this].
A URL must begin with a supported URI scheme: http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; irc://, ircs://, ftp://, news://, mailto: and gopher:// will require a plugin or an external application. IPv6 addresses in URLs are currently not supported.
A URL containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are percent encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. Encoding can be achieved by:

Use the link button on the enhanced editing toolbar to encode the link; this tool will add the bracket markup and the linked text, which may not always be desirable.
Or manually encode the URL by replacing these characters:

space	"	'	,	;	<	>	?	[	]
%20	%22	%27	%2c	%3b	%3c	%3e	%3f	%5b	%5d

Or use the {{urlencode:}} magic word. See Help:Magic words in the MediaWiki documentation for more details.

See External links for style issues, and External link file type templates for indicating the file type of an external link with an icon.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Named link with an external link icon	`[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]`	Wikipedia
Unnamed link (Only used within article body for footnotes)	`[http://www.wikipedia.org]`	[1]
Bare URL (Bad style) use <nowiki></nowiki> to keep this bad style from showing	`http://www.wikipedia.org`	http://www.wikipedia.org
Link without arrow (Not often used)	`<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</span>`	Wikipedia

Automatic links

Magic links are automatic links for certain unique identifiers, that require no markup. They can be used for ISBN numbers, RFC numbers, and PMID numbers.

Book sources

Link to books using their ISBN, which creates a link to Special:BookSources. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. However, if one bookstore or online service provides additional free information, such as table of contents or excerpts from the text, then a link to that source will aid the user and is recommended. ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.
To create a link to Special:BookSources using alternative text (e.g. the book's title), use the internal link style with the appropriate namespace.

What you type	What it looks like
`ISBN 012345678X`	ISBN 012345678X
`ISBN 0-12-345678-X`	ISBN 0-12-345678-X
`Link to a book using [[Special:BookSources/0670037818\|alternative text, such as its title]]`	Link to a book using alternative text, such as its title

RFC number

Link to an Internet Engineering Task Force Request for Comments (RFC).

What you type	What it looks like
`Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. RFC 4321.`	Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. RFC 4321.

Miscellaneous

"As of" template

The As of template generates phrases like "As of April 2009" or "as of April 2009", and categorize information that will need updating. For an explanation of the parameters see the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl documentation.

What you type	What it looks like
`{{As of\|2009\|4\|df=us}}`	ਫਰਮਾ:As of
`{{As of\|2009\|4\|df=us\|lc=y}}`	ਫਰਮਾ:As of

Media link

To include links to non image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, see next section.
Some uploaded sounds are listed at Commons:Sound.

What you type	What it looks like
`[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg\|Sound]]`	Sound

Links directly into edit mode

These create links that directly go to the edit or view source tab. For example, to create links to the edit tab for this page, either of the following works:

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Using the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template	`[{{fullurl:Help:Wiki markup\|action=edit}} edit]`	edit
Using the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template	`{{edit}}`	ਫਰਮਾ:Edit

Links partially italicized

Linking to a page with a title containing words that are usually italicized, such as the Hindenburg disaster article.

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Hindenburg disaster\|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]`	Hindenburg disaster

Pronunciation aids

It is often desirable to provide an aid to pronunciation for a word. The IPAc-en and Respell templates can be of assistance.

What you type	What it looks like
`'''Konjac''' {{IPAc-en\|lang\|pron\|ˈ\|k\|oʊ\|n\|j\|æ\|k}}`	Konjac ਫਰਮਾ:IPAc-en
`'''Konjac''' ({{IPAc-en\|lang\|pron\|ˈ\|k\|oʊ\|n\|j\|æ\|k}} {{respell\|KOHN\|yak}})`	Konjac (ਫਰਮਾ:IPAc-en ਫਰਮਾ:Respell)
`''Konjac'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|k\|oʊ\|n\|j\|æ\|k}} in English.`	Konjac is pronounced ਫਰਮਾ:IPAc-en in English.

Refer to Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation) for more information.

Musical notation

ਫਰਮਾ:Main Musical notation is added by using the ਫਰਮਾ:Xtag extension tag. For example:

ਤਸਵੀਰ:Wiki.png ਫਰਮਾ:Clear

Images

Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the upload page. You can find the uploaded image on the image list.

See the Wikipedia's image use policy for the policy used on Wikipedia.

For further help on images, including some more versatile abilities, see the picture tutorial and extended image syntax.

What you type What it looks like Notes

A picture: 
[[File:wiki.png]]

A picture:

ਤਸਵੀਰ:Wiki.png

With alternative text: 
[[File:wiki.png|alt=Puzzle globe logo]]

With alternative text:

Puzzle globe logo

Alternative text, used when the image is unavailable or when the image is loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is strongly encouraged. See Alternative text for images for help on choosing it.

With link: 
[[File:wiki.png|link=Wikipedia]]

With link:

The link directs to a page, Wikipedia, instead of the file.

Floating to the right side of the page
using the ''frame'' attribute and a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|frame|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]

Floating to the right side of the page using the frame attribute and a caption:

Puzzle globe

Wikipedia logo

ਫਰਮਾ:Clear

The frame tag automatically floats the image right.
The last parameter is the caption that appears below the image.

Floating to the right side of the page
using the ''thumb'' attribute and a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|thumb|alt=Puzzle globe|Wikipedia logo]]

Floating to the right side of the page using the thumb attribute and a caption:

Puzzle globe

Wikipedia logo

ਫਰਮਾ:Clear

The thumb tag automatically floats the image right.
An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.

Floating to the right side of the page
''without'' a caption: 
[[File:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]

Floating to the right side of the page without a caption:

Wikipedia encyclopedia

The picture tutorial explains more options.

A picture resized to 30 pixels... 
[[File:wiki.png|30 px|Wikipedia encyclopedia]]

A picture resized to 30 pixels...

Wikipedia encyclopedia

The picture tutorial explains more options.

Linking directly to the description page of an image: 
[[:File:wiki.png]]

Linking directly to the description page of an image:

File:wiki.png

Clicking on an image displayed normally on a page also leads to the description page.

Linking directly to an image without displaying it: 
[[Media:wiki.png|Image of jigsaw globe]]

Linking directly to an image without displaying it:

Image of jigsaw globe

To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.

Example: 
<div style="display: inline; width: 220px; float: right;">
Place images here </div>

Example:

Place images here

Using the span or div elements to separate images from text (note that this may allow images to cover text).

Example:

{| align=right
|-
|
Place images here
|}

Example:

Place images here

Using wiki markup to make a table in which to place a vertical column of images (this helps edit links match headers, especially in Firefox browsers).

Tables

ਫਰਮਾ:Main There are two ways to build tables:

In special wiki-markup (see Help:Table).
Using HTML elements: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag or ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.

References and citing sources

ਫਰਮਾ:Main ਫਰਮਾ:See also

Making a reference citing a printed or online source can be accomplished by using the ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tags. Inside these tags details about the reference are added.

Details about the citation can be provided using a structure provided by various templates; the table below lists some typical citation components.

What it's for	What you type
ਫਰਮਾ:Nowrap	ਫਰਮਾ:Tag
To cite a book	ਫਰਮਾ:Tlx
To cite a web source	ਫਰਮਾ:Tlx
Book ISBN	ਫਰਮਾ:Para (ISBN of the book)
Web URL	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Title	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Author	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
First name	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Last name	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Location	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Publisher	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Date	ਫਰਮਾ:Para (date of source)
Year	ਫਰਮਾ:Para
Accessed date	ਫਰਮਾ:Para (only if url= is included)
A complete reference tag	ਫਰਮਾ:Tag`{{cite web \|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup \|title=Help:Wiki markup \|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}`ਫਰਮਾ:Tag
Referencing this again	ਫਰਮਾ:Tag
Citation needed	ਫਰਮਾ:Tlx

Templates and transcluding pages

ਫਰਮਾ:Main ਫਰਮਾ:See also

Examples for templates: {{pad|...}}, {{math|...}}, {{as of|...}}, {{edit}}

Templates are segments of wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page. You add them by putting the template's name in {{double braces}}. It is also possible to transclude other pages by using {{:colon and double braces}}.

There are three pairs of tags that can be used in wikitext to control how transclusion affects parts of a template or article. They determine whether or not wikitext renders, either in its own article, which we will call "here", or in another article where it is transcluded, which we will call "there".

<noinclude>: the content will not be rendered there. These tags have no effect here.
<includeonly>: the content will render only there, and will not render here (like invisible ink made visible by means of transclusion).
<onlyinclude>: the content will render here and will render there, but it will only render there what is between these tags.

There can be several such section "elements". Also, they can be nested. All possible renderings are achievable. For example, to render there one or more sections of the page here use <onlyinclude> tags. To append text there, wrap the addition in <includeonly> tags before, within, or after the section. To omit portions of the section, nest <noinclude> tags within it.

If a page is transcluded without transclusion markup, it may cause an unintentional categorization. Any page transcluding it will contain the same category as the original page. Wrap the category markup with <noinclude> tags to prevent incorrect categorization.

Some templates take parameters, as well, which you separate with the pipe character |.

What you type

What it looks like

{{Transclusion demo}}

ਫਰਮਾ:Transclusion demo

{{Help:Transclusion demo}}

ਮਦਦ:Transclusion demo

This template takes two parameters,
and creates underlined text with a
hover box for many modern browsers
supporting CSS:

{{H:title|This is the hover text|
Hover your mouse over this text}}

Go to this page to see the H:title
template itself: {{tl|H:title}}

This template takes two parameters, and creates underlined text with a hover box for many modern browsers supporting CSS:

ਫਰਮਾ:H:title

Go to this page to see the H:title template itself: ਫਰਮਾ:Tl

Talk and project pages

These are likely to be helpful on talk and project pages.

Signing comments

The tilde character (~) is used when signing a comment on a talk page. Your username provides a link to your user page.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
You should sign your comments by appending four tildes to the comment, which adds your user name plus date/time.	`~~~~`	Username (talk) 17:30, 10 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2025 (UTC)
Adding three tildes will add just your user name.	`~~~`	Username (talk)
Adding five tildes gives the date/time alone.	`~~~~~`	17:30, 10 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2025 (UTC)

Linking to old revisions of pages, diffs, and specific history pages

The external link function is mainly used for these. Open an old revision or diff, and copy the URL from the address bar, pasting it where you want it.

What you type	What it looks like
`[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wiki_markup&diff=330350877&oldid=330349143 Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]`	Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877

You can also use an internal diff link. Unlike the template ਫਰਮਾ:Tl, this kind of link can even be used in edit summaries.

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Special:Diff/330349143/330350877\|Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]]`	Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877

If the diff intended to be shown is between an immediately previous revision, the first parameter can be dropped.

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Special:Diff/330350877\|Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877]]`	Diff between revisions 330349143 and 330350877

For an old revision, you can also use a permalink. Though here only the main text is guaranteed to be retained (images and templates will be shown as they are today, not as they were at the time).

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Special:Permalink/330350877\|Revision 330350877]]`	Revision 330350877

What links here, and recent changes linked

The following markup can be used. For example, for the article Beetroot:

What you type	What it looks like
`[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot]]`	Special:WhatLinksHere/Beetroot
`[[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot]]`	Special:RecentChangesLinked/Beetroot

User edits

Link to a user's contributions page.

Description	What you type	What it looks like
Username (registered users).	`[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]`	Special:Contributions/UserName
IPv4 address (unregistered users).	`[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]`	Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0
IPv6 address (unregistered users).	`[[Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329]]`	Special:Contributions/2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329

Coloring and highlighting text

ਫਰਮਾ:Anchor

Using the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl and ਫਰਮਾ:Tl templates:

What you type	What it looks like
`I will change the color in {{color\|blue\|the middle part of}} this sentence.`	I will change the color in ਫਰਮਾ:Color this sentence.
`This is how to {{Font color\|\|yellow\|highlight part of a sentence}}.`	This is how to ਫਰਮਾ:Font color.

Show deleted or inserted text

ਫਰਮਾ:Details

When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted content:
- It is best to indicate deleted content using the strike-through markup ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.
- It is best to indicate inserted content using the underline markup ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.
When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes, and do not mark them up in any special way. However, when the article itself discusses deleted or inserted content, such as an amendment to a statute:
- It is best to indicate deleted content using the strike-through markup ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.
- It is best to indicate inserted content using the underline markup ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.

Note: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag and ਫਰਮਾ:Tag (speced in HTML 3 & 4) are considerably more popular than ਫਰਮਾ:Tag and ਫਰਮਾ:Tag (speced in HTML 5) on Wikipedia.

What you type	What it looks like
`You can <del>strike out deleted material</del> and <ins>underline new material</ins>.`	You can ~~strike out deleted material~~ and underline new material.
Alternative markup: `You can <s>strike out deleted material</s> and <u>underline new material</u>.`	You can ~~strike out deleted material~~ and underline new material.

ਫਰਮਾ:Anchor Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup

A few different kinds of formatting will tell the wiki to display things as you typed them – what you see is what you get!

What you type	What it looks like
'''<nowiki> tag:''' <nowiki> The nowiki tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets characters specified by &name;: → </nowiki>	<nowiki> tag: The nowiki tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup''. It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces. It still interprets characters specified by &name;: →
'''<pre> tag:''' <pre>The <pre> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup'' as does the <nowiki> tag. Additionally, <pre> displays in a mono-spaced font, and does not reformat text spaces. It still interprets special characters: → </pre>	<pre> tag: The <pre> tag ignores [[wiki]] ''markup'' as does the <nowiki> tag. Additionally, <pre> displays in a mono-spaced font, and does not reformat text spaces. It still interprets special characters: →
'''[Text without a URL]:''' Single square brackets holding [text without a HTTP URL] are preserved, but single square brackets containing a URL are treated as being an external [http://example.com/ Web link].	[Text without a URL]: Single square brackets holding [text without a HTTP URL] are preserved, but single square brackets containing a URL are treated as being an external Web link.
'''Leading space:''' Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. Putting a space at the beginning of each line stops the text from being reformatted. It still interprets [[wiki]] ''markup'' and special characters: &rarr;	Leading space: Leading spaces are another way to preserve formatting. Putting a space at the beginning of each line stops the text from being reformatted. It still interprets wiki markup and special characters: →

Nowiki

ਫਰਮਾ:Shortcut

ਫਰਮਾ:Tag and ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tags stop parsing of wiki markup, except HTML character entity references (e.g., for special characters). Unlike ਫਰਮਾ:Tag, "nowiki" doesn't change formatting.

An example of ਫਰਮਾ:Tag:

(However in this particular case probably you prefer ਫਰਮਾ:Tlp to create a link as ਫਰਮਾ:Tl, or ਫਰਮਾ:Tlp prints ਫਰਮਾ:Tlf.)

A singular ਫਰਮਾ:Tag can be used to break wikimarkup.

Markup such as ਫਰਮਾ:Code, ਫਰਮਾ:Code, ਫਰਮਾ:Code and ਫਰਮਾ:Code only and always take effect at the beginning of a line. A ਫਰਮਾ:Tag before the markup will cause the characters to not parse as markup.
An internal link immediately followed by characters are blended to form a single link. Where this is not desired, add a ਫਰਮਾ:Tag after the link.
HTML(-like) tags can be stopped parsing by inserting ਫਰਮਾ:Tag after the opening angle bracket.

If you want to write tags, ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template is handy. E.g. ਫਰਮਾ:Tlp prints ਫਰਮਾ:Tag.

HTML entities

ਫਰਮਾ:Tag and ਫਰਮਾ:Tag parse HTML entities. If you want to escape this, replace & with &.

Use in templates

When used in a template, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag simply does not work as you may expect.

Including ਫਰਮਾ:Tag immediately acts upon the enclosed markup. Attempting to escape or transclude the brackets causes ਫਰਮਾ:Tag to not work at all.
Using ਫਰਮਾ:Code works, but has major limitations:
- Templates, parameters, parser functions, and parser magic such as signatures are parsed, not nowikied.
- Included ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tags will expose the strip markers.

Pre

ਫਰਮਾ:Shortcut

ਫਰਮਾ:Tag is a parser tag that emulates the HTML ਫਰਮਾ:Tag tag. It defines preformatted text that is displayed in a fixed-width font and is enclosed in a dashed box. HTML and wiki markups are escaped and spaces and line breaks are preserved, but HTML entities are parsed.

ਫਰਮਾ:Tag formatted text does not wrap, thus text may extend past the browser window:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

To resolve this, ਫਰਮਾ:Tag may use CSS styling to add wrapping or a horizontal scrollbar:

Wrapping: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag
Scroll bar: ਫਰਮਾ:Tag

Alternatively, consider using ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template or ਫਰਮਾ:Xtag.

Invisible text (comments)

ਫਰਮਾ:See also

It's uncommonਫਰਮਾ:Spaced ndashbut on occasion acceptable for notes to other editorsਫਰਮਾ:Spaced ndashto add a hidden comment within the text of an article. These comments are only visible when editing or viewing the source of a page. Most comments should go on the appropriate Talk page. The format is to surround the hidden text with "" and may cover several lines, e.g.:

<!-- An example of hidden comments
 This won't be visible except in "edit" mode. -->

Another way to include a comment in the wiki markup uses the ਫਰਮਾ:Tl template, which can be abbreviated as ਫਰਮਾ:Tl. This template "expands" to the empty string, generating no HTML output; it is visible only to people editing the wiki source. Thus ਫਰਮਾ:Nowrap operates similarly to the comment ਫਰਮਾ:Nowrap. The main difference is that the template version can be nested, while attempting to nest HTML comments produces odd results.

Variables

ਫਰਮਾ:Seealso

ਫਰਮਾ:Namespaces

Code	Effect	Notes
{{CURRENTWEEK}}	50
{{CURRENTDOW}}	3	Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, etc., but Sunday = 0
{{CURRENTMONTH}}	12
{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}	ਦਸੰਬਰ
{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}	ਦਸੰਬਰ
{{CURRENTDAY}}	10
{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}	ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ
{{CURRENTYEAR}}	2025
{{CURRENTTIME}}	17:30
{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}	1
{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}	362
{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}	0
{{PAGENAME}}	Wiki markup
{{NAMESPACE}}	ਮਦਦ
{{REVISIONID}}	204
{{REVISIONUSER}}	imported>Satnam S Virdi
{{localurl:pagename}}	/wiki/Pagename
{{localurl:Wikipedia:Sandbox\|action=edit}}	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox?action=edit
{{fullurl:pagename}}	https://pa.wiki.beta.math.wmflabs.org/wiki/Pagename
{{fullurl:pagename\|query_string}}	https://pa.wiki.beta.math.wmflabs.org/w/index.php?title=Pagename&query_string
{{SERVER}}	https://pa.wiki.beta.math.wmflabs.org
{{ns:1}}	ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ	{{ns:index}} e.g. {{ns:1}} → full name of namespace
{{SITENAME}}	testwiki

ਫਰਮਾ:Tlf is the number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect. This includes full articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.

ਫਰਮਾ:Tlf is the genitive (possessive) grammatical form of the month name, as used in some languages but not in English; ਫਰਮਾ:Tlf is the nominative (subject) form, as usually seen in English.

In languages where it makes a difference, you can use constructs like {{grammar:case|word}} to convert a word from the nominative case to some other case. For example, {{grammar:genitive|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}} means the same as {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}.

HTML